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A survey on the impact of construction of the Three Gorges Project on the epidemic of paragonimiasis in Xingshan county, Hubei province

DONG Xiao-rong, ZHANG Hua-xun, CUI Xue-feng, CAO Mu-min, XIA Jing, WU Dong-ni

Abstract （252）

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Objective To understand the impact of construction of the Three Gorges Project on the paragonimiasis in Xingshan county. Methods Four epidemiological surveys including sero-epidemiologic investigation and the metacercaria of Paragonimus from crabs captured were carried out in 2012-2016. The data of the paragonimiasis before the construction and the beginning of the construction and the water storage period were collected. Results The active surveillance was conducted on 1 128 residents and the total positive rate of serology test was 2.57%(29/1 128), while the Nanyang town had the highest rate of 8.12%(25/308)with statistical significance( χ ²=64.313, P=0.000). All of the three hundred and forty fresh-water crabs were captured and the positive rate was 27.94%(95/340), while the Gufu town had the highest rate of 48.80%(61/125)with statistical significance( χ ²=22.942, P=0.000). The infection rates of the crabs before and after the construction were higher than the beginning of the construction period. This account had statistical significance( χ ²=11.348, P=0.003). The positive rate of the serology tests cannot be compared because of the different detection technology. Conclusion The infection rate of the crabs was still high, and new area of high infection rate appeared in Xingshan because of the Three Gorges Project. Measures on continuous surveillance and health education should be taken to avoid the occurrence of outbreak.

2017, 28 (5): 473-475. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.016

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Monitoring of resistance of Anopheles sinensis to deltamethrinin Hubei province, China

PEI Su-jian, ZHANG Hua-xun, LI Kai-jie, HU Le-qun, XIA Jing, SHANG Xiao-peng

Abstract （322）

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Objective To investigate the resistance of Anopheles sinensis to deltamethrin and provide baseline data for proper use of insecticide. Methods The filter paper contact method for adult mosquitoes, as recommended by WHO, was used to determine the time for initial knockdown, knockdown rate, and mortality of An. sinensis, and the levels of resistance were determined based on the discriminating doses. Results For the An. sinensis in Jiangling county, Xiangzhou district, Zaoyang city, Tongcheng county, Tianmen city, Yiling district, Wuxue city, Guangshui city, Zengdu district, Jingshan county, and Enshi city, the time for initial knockdownby deltamethrin was 6, 20, 11, 9, 20, 6, 30, 5, 14, 25, and 23 min, respectively; the knockdown rate caused by deltamethrin at 60 min was 9.62%, 7.69%, 14.55%, 2.11%, 3.00%, 48.94%, 2.80%, 10.78%, 14.00%, 1.00%, and 3.06%, respectively. The mortality of An. sinensis at the discriminating dose of deltamethrin was less than 50.00% in all sampling areas except for Enshi where the mortality was 70.85%. Conclusion The resistance of An. sinensis to deltamethrin in Hubei province was high and the spreading of resistance was rapid. Thus, we should strengthen the monitoring of insecticide resistance and implement strategic dosing of insecticide to achieve better control effect.

2014, 25 (1): 18-20. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.01.005

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Analysis of prevalent situation and control of malaria in Hubei province

HUANG Guang-Quan, YUAN Fang-Yu, CHEN Guo-Ying, PEI Su-Jian, ZHANG Hua-Xun, HU Le-Qun, GUI Ai-Fang, LIU Jing-Yuan, LIN Wen

Abstract （1146）

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【Abstract】 Objective Master prevalent situation and effective control measure of malaria in Hubei province. Methods The prevalent situation and control measure of malaria was analyzed by collecting the data of prevention, field investigation and surveillance of malaria and the net?reporting of malaria epidemic situation. Results There were 1769 cases of malaria in 2007 in Hubei including 1721 local cases, accounting for 97.29% and 48 exported cases (34 cases of vivax and 14 cases of falciparum), accounting for 2.71%. There were 1769 reported cases of malaria and the cure rate reached 100%. In the rest period of malaria, there were 8345 people cured who had the malaria infection history or were risk population. And the cure rate was 95.47%. There were 22 731 people taking preventive medicine, accounting for 84.17%. Thirty seven cases of malaria were found among 2497 people by field interview investigation. Of which, all the cases were cured including 36 cases cured regularly. And the regular cure rate was 97.30%. Thirty six cases were reported and one case failed to report. There were 79 cases reported in malaria monitoring sites in 2007 (28.01/ten thousand), decreasing by 14.13% compared with 2006 (92 cases). The average biting rate of Anopheles sinensis was 8.26/person·night in 2007, increasing by 102% compared with 2006 (4.08 /person·night). The average biting rate of An.anthropophagus was 0.30/person·night in 2007, up 15.38% compared with 0.26/person·night in 2006. Conclusion The incidence of local malaria is basically stable, while the quantity of exported cases increases. It is effective to root up infection source.

2009, 20 (3): 240-243.

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Analysis on epidemic situation of malaria from 1994 to 2007 in Hubei province

PEI Su-Jian, YUAN Fang-Yu, HUANG Guang-Quan, HU Le-Qun, ZHANG Hua-Xun, LIU Jing-Yuan, CHEN Guo-Ying, CHEN Hui

Abstract （1156）

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【Abstract】 Objective To grasp the epidemic situation of malaria in Hubei province and consolidate the achievement of prevention and control. Methods The present status of malaria epidemic and its change situation were analyzed by collecting malaria data from 1994 to 2007. Results Incidence cases of malaria decreased from 4527 cases in 1994 to 1769 cases in 2007, down about 60.92%. Malaria epidemic situation continuously fluctuated during 14 years, and sometime it broke out in the parts. The annual average incidence rate of malaria was 13 per million in the epidemic area transmitted by Anopheles sinensis, and 199 per million in the areas transmitted by Anopheles anthropophagus. Over 80% cases focused on the areas transmitted by An.anthropophagus where its population only accounted for 26.37% of total population. Conclusion There was a great change of malaria distribution and epidemic situation in Hubei province. It should put the emphasis on the control of malaria especially the epidemic area transmitted by An. anthropophagus in the future.

2009, 20 (2): 156-158.

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The field investigation on the resistance of Anopheles in Jingshan,Anlu and Xiaochang of Hubei province

YU Pin-hong; HU Le-qun; LIU Jing-yuan; HUANG Guang-quan; ZHANG Hua-xun; CHEN Hui; ZHANG Chi; PEI Su-jian

Abstract （1436）

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Objective To understand the resistance of Anopheles to DDT and Deltamethrin,and then provide scientific evidence for the establishment of prevention and control strategy.Methods Adult Anopheles filter contact method recommended by WHO was used to observe the knockdown rate and the mortality of Anopheles,and the relationship of logarithm-probability was analyzed with the method of Finney probability.Results The Anopheles had high resistance to DDT and deltamethrin in Jingshan county,Anlu city and Xiaochang county,and the knockdown rates of DDT and deltamethrin discrimination dosage to it were less than 20%,and their mortality were all less than 50%.The KT ₅₀ values of DDT were 1718.63,343.73 and 624.45 min respectively,which had higher anti-knockdown capability.The LC ₅₀ of DDT exceeded 4%,accordant with that in 1996.The KT ₅₀ of deltamethrin were 227.78,138.41 and 263.41 min respectively,which were 34,20,44 times than that in 1996,respectively.The LT ₅₀ was 684.12 min,which was 306 times than that in 1998.Conclusion The resistance did not decrease after the forbiddance of DDT for many years,however,the resistance to deltamethrin increases at the several hundred times speed,which could be the obstacle of pyrethroid and DDT application,so we should carry out regular monitoring and make effective measures timely.

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Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction-restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Techniques in Differential Identification of Close-breeding Anopheline Mosquitoes from Anopheles hyrcanus Complex

CHEN Guo-ying*; HUANG Guang-quan; ZHOU Hua-yun; ZHANG Hua-xun; LI Shu-hua; WANG Wei-min; CAO Jun; YUAN Fang-yu

Abstract （1383）

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Objective To identify species of anopheles vectors captured in varied areas of Hubei province with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) techniques.Methods Anopheline mosquitoes( Anopheles hyrcanus complex) captured at the fields of Hubei province were identified with traditional morphological classification and newly-established genetic methods(PCR-RFLP) based on the sequences of their ribosomal DNA in the ITS ₂ region.DNA sequence in Anopheles anthropophagus, Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles yatsushiroensisi were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 181 anopheline mosquitoes were captured and identified,including 176 identified as Anopheles sinensis and five as Anopheles anthropophagus according to their morphological features,and 172 identified as Anopheles sinensis,four as Anopheles anthropophagus and one as Anopheles yatsushiroensisi by PCR-RFLP.Conclusion Close-breeding anopheles,such as Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles yatsushiroensisi and Anopheles anthropophagus in Anopheles hyrcanus complex could be accurately identified by PCR-RFLP,which was suitable for the investigation and surveillance for malaria-vector mosquitoes in the areas with anopheles complex.

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Evaluat the Effectiveness of Measures for Mosquito Control in Anopheles anthropophagus Area in Hubei Province

HUANG Guang-quan;ZHANG Hua-xun;LI Han-fan;et al

Abstract （1345）

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Objective To evaluate effectiveness of mosquito control measures in Anopheles anthropophagus area. Methods To compare incidence of malaria and mosquito densities before and after treatment with immerged bednets and immerged bednets combined with residual spraying. Results The densities of An.anthropophagus reduced by 83.77% averagely in bednets,cowshed,pigpen and bite reduced by 98.46% while incidence of malaria showed 100% reduce in immerged bednets combined with residual spraying areas; The densities of An.anthropophagus reduced by 49.89% averagely in bednets,cowshed,pigpen and bite rate reduced by 92.00% while incidence of malaria showed 90.91% reduce in immerged bednets areas. Conclusion The statistic analysis showed no significance difference (χ ²=0.000 008 60.996, P>0.05) in reduction of mosquito densities and malaria incidence in both areas.

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Study on the Different Measures to Control Malaria and Density of Anopheles anthropophagus in Hubei Province

ZHANG Hua-xun*;HUANG Guang-quan;LAN Ming-xiang; et al

Abstract （1178）

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Objective To explore the measures of economic and effectual control of malaria.Methods Three areas were chosen on similar natural condition、morbidity of malaria and population for the study.The disease reservoir was controlled in each area.The bed nets were treated with 2.5% deltamethrin( 15 mg/m ²) in one area.In addition to impregnated bed nets residual spraying with 5% Alphacypermethrin(25 mg/m ²) was carried out in cattle、pig pen and people activity areas in another area;No mosquito control measures were adopted in the control area.The study was evaluated and compared with the results of aetiology and the entomology.Results The densities of A.anthropophagus in houses、outside houses(men bait) and cattle、pig pen reduced by 100%,71.96%,94.01%,67.42% respectively,in the area with both treatments of impregnated-bed nets and residual spraying;In the area treated with impregnated bed nets method the densities outside houses(men bait) rose with 12.38% and those in other places was reduced by 99.63% 、18.71%、69.44% respectively.The biting rates of An.anthropophagus in the areas of treatment and in the control area were 0.1111,0.2222,1.1688 respectively;The morbidity of malaria in impregnated-bed nets?residual spraying with impregnated-bed nets and control areas decreased by 73.12%,57.71%,65.71% respectively.Conclusion Only impregnated bed nets and impregnated bed nets with residual spraying could reduce the density of A.anthropophagus in the house and they reduced more quickly for the density of A.anthropophagus with impregnated bed nets and residual spraying than for the only impregnated bed nets.

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Study on Habits and Characteristic and Suck Blood Taxis of Anopheles anthropophagus in Da Hong Shan South Aria

HUANG Guang-quan; LI Han-fan; ZHANG Hua-xun; et al

Abstract （959）

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Objective:To ascertain habits and characteristic and biting blood taxis of Anopheles anthropophagus in different area for the scientific basis of malaria prevention.Methods:The density of An.anthropophagus was investigated in the house and cattle pen and pigpen once each ten day in July to September. An.anthropophagus biting rate and activity peak at all night,by induce of mosquito net and peak of season in the bed net.Biting taxis of An.anthropophagus was observed in different host.Results:The average density of An.anthropophagus was 5.70 each fifty net,and 7.44 each man and half night,and 6.41 every hour in Cattle pen,and 2.37 every hour in pigpen.The season peak of An.anthropophagus was the last ten-day period of August to the first ten-day period of September and the activity peak was 23∶00-1∶00 in the night.The biting rate was 5.049 3,and the suck blood habits was 0.240 6 that is 7.76 times higher than An.sinensis's.The taxis man blood was 89.75 per cent and the average of transmission malaria was 1.731 5,that is 8.25 times higher than An.sinensis's.Conclusion: An.anthropophagus was emerging in house and prefering man blood,and is important vector of malaria.

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Observation of Anopheles anthropophagus Density and Malaria Incidence inthe Areas of Discontinuing Impregnating Bednets with Deltamethrin

Huang Guang-quan; Zhang Hua-xun; Yu Pin-hong; et al

Abstract （1504）

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The An.anthropophagus density and malaria incidence were observed in the areas that were discontinued bednets impregnation with deltamethrin in Seng Qiao and Zao Wu town of Jing Shan County and Zao Shi town of Tian Men city.Average density of An.anthropophagus was 0.53 per net pretreatment,0 per net during treatment,0.029、0.056 and 0.28 per net respectively were observed in 1st、2nd、3rd year after discontinuing bednets impregnation.Malaria incidence was 51.17 per ten thousand before treatment,4.10 per ten thousand during treatment,4.63、14.55 and 9.50 per ten thousand respectively in 1st、2nd、3rd year after discontinuing treatment. An.anthropophagus density and malaria incidence were decreased very soon during bednets impregnation,but they rised again during discontinuing bednets impregnation year by year.